"we are the Champions... We are ha-huhhh-huhh. No Tiny Losers! 'Cause we" (3): the misquoted lyrics of "We are the Champions" by Queen. The correct lyrics to the chorus are, "We are the champions, my friends / And we'll keep on fighting 'til the end / We are the champions / We are the champions / No time for losers / 'Cause we are the champions / Of the world" 

Spoiler (4): car feature whose original purpose was to control the airflow over race cars

Plymouth Superbird (4): Produced in 1970, this car was designed to win the NASCAR trophy (which it did). NASCAR changed its rules on engines the following year, and so Chrysler discontinued the model since it could no longer race.

Chassis (4): frame or skeleton of a car

Porsche 930 Turbo (4): This car was produced from the mid 70's through the 80's. Originally designed as a race car, it became a popular sports car and is often noted as being difficult to drive.

Chinese vowel sounds (4): This video is a short introduction to the vowel sounds, and this video goes more in-depth

free kick (4): in soccer, a kick given to a team due to an opponent's infraction (mistake) in which their opponents cannot interfere

“song by some Irish lady” (5): famous Irish female singers include Enya, Sinead O'Connor, and Andrea Corr

Vampire swim team joke (6): So far, I can't find anything about this. I suspect it's something the playwright made up.

"so many letters after her name" (6): see this list for common abbreviations for degrees 

“La cucaracha" (7): traditional Spanish folk song about a cockroach who cannot walk

Head lice (8): tiny insects that feed on blood from the human scalp; most often affect children

Sigur Ros (9): Icelandic post-rock band that started in the 90s and continues to make new music today​

Knit (10): to make clothes or a blanket using loops of wool or another yarn and knitting needles or a machine

Sew (10): make stitches with a needle and thread or sewing machine

Embroider (10): to create decorative designs by hemstitching or using a machine

Darn (10): repair a knitted material by weaving yarn with a needle

Vishnu Yoga (14): Vishnu is a god in the Hindu pantheon who is associated with protection, perseverance, and comic order; also often associated with yoga

Anna Bagenholm (see pg. 17): In 1999, Anna Bagenholm fell into icy water while skiing and was submerged for 80 minutes before a rescue team was able to get her out. Her body temperature dropped to 57 degrees Fahrenheit. She was revived through CPR and a bypass machine, and now works at the hospital where she nearly died. 

Leonard Cohen (19): Canadian singer-songwriter who is mostly known for writing the song "Hallelujah." He was an active musician during the 1970s.

Begonias (22): type of flower native to the tropics that prefer shade over direct sunlight; popular in gardens because they are attractive and easy to grow; toxic to dogs, cats, and horses

Men are From Earth, Women are Also From Earth (26): a reference to the classic self-help book Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus which was published in 1992; the book argues that most problems in relationships stem from the psychological differences between men and women

Aneurysm (29) "widening of an artery that develops from a weakness or destruction of the medial layer of the blood vessel. Because of the constant pressure of the circulating blood within the artery, the weakened part of the arterial wall becomes enlarged, leading ultimately to serious and even fatal complications from the compression of surrounding structures or from rupture and hemorrhage (DeBakery)

Quasar (35): see Science

Confluence (38): a coming or flowing together; a meeting point

Progeny (38): descendants or children

Fallacy (38): false or mistaken idea